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India is home to a rich diversity of wildlife supplemented by an equally rich variety of flora and fauna. The sight and sounds of a majestic elephant, a peacock’s dance, the stride of a camel, the roar of a tiger are unparalleled experiences in themselves. Watching birds and animals in their natural habitats is an experience in itself. The country offers immense opportunities for wildlife tourism. The immense heritage of wildlife in India comprises of more than 70 national parks and about 400 wildlife sanctuaries including the bird sanctuaries. |
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Home» Wildlife Parks in India
Wildlife Parks in India
Manas National Park: Guwahati - Assam
Manas is situated in Assam spread over an area of 391 sq km, earlier it was known as North Kamrup, declared as a sanctuary on December 01, 1928. It was accorded the status of World Heritage Site in 1985.
Fauna: Manas houses 19 of India's most endangered animal populations.
It has the largest population of tigers among Indian reserves. It is a
home to the rare golden langur . The prominent fauna here are the rhino,
wild buffalos, elephants, gaur, swamp deer, capped langur and clouded
leopard. . The main highlight of the park is the giant hornbill, two subspecies
of which, the pied and grey varieties are to be found here.It extends
into the foothills of Bhutan where it is called the Royal Manas National
Park.
Its wetlands are of international importance and essential for the survival of the fast-vanishing hispid hare and pygmy hog. November to March.Golden Langur, rhino, wild buffalos, elephants, gaur, swamp deer, capped langur and clouded leopard, giant hornbill.
Butterflies and reptiles are also found aplenty in Manas. In the river water, you can enjoy boating and fishing as well. Coloured pebbles of the Manas River are an added attraction not to be missed.
Sunderban National Park: Calcutta - West Bengal
Located in the Ganga delta in West Bengal, spanning the Hooghly in the west and Teulia river in the east, Sunderbans was declared a National Park in 1984. The park covers a vast stretch of mangrove swamp, lush forested islands and small rivers near the Bay of Bengal. Most of the region comprises estuarine mangrove forests and swamps which supports an ecosystem specially adapted to great salinity.
Fauna: Sunderbans is home to the magnificent Royal Bengal tiger, the park holding more tigers than any other tiger reserve. More than 400 tigers were recorded during the mid-1980s. Project tiger has also launched a programme to protect the Olive Ridley sea turtles. Crocodiles and the gangetic dolphin are to be found aplenty in the Raimgangal river. The Sajnakhali sanctuary, famous for its rich avian population, is regarded as a part of the Sunderbans National Park.
Gir National Park & Sanctuary : Gujarat
The Gir wildlife sanctuary and national park, collectively referred to as the Gir Protected Area (PA), is located in the Saurashtra peninsula of Gujarat in western India.
Flora: Vegetation in Gir can be looked at in four ways. The first is the Teak forest and nearly half of the protected area has this kind of a habitat. The main tree species that occupy this habitat are Khair, Sadad, Timru, Babul, Amla, Moledi, Dhavdo, Kadayo and Bahedo.
The non-Teak forests, which comprise the remaining forest consists of tree species like the Khair, Dhavdo, Sadad, Timru, Amla, Moledi, Kadayo, Salai, Simal, Khakhro, Ber and Asundro. A distinct belt of vegetation is found along the main rivers and streams. Species like the Jambu, Karanj, Umro, Vad, Kalam, Charal, Sirus and Amli are found here. These trees are mostly broad leaved and evergreen, giving the area a cool shade and the moisture content. Finally, Prosopis and Casuarina have been planted in the coastal border as part of the aforestation plan.
Fauna: The Gir national park is a heaven to about 300 Asiatic lions. The Lion, Panther Leo, inhabits the forest of Gir in the Saurashtra peninsula, attracting sixty thousand visitors to this sanctuary of Gujarat every year. Gir today is the only place in the world, outside Africa, where the lion can be seen in its natural habitat. The Asiatic lion is slightly smaller than its African cousin; nevertheless, a large male lion of the Gir is quite a sight to behold. The best way to observe the big cats is, of course, in their natural surroundings, at dawn and dusk, when they are on the prowl. Wildlife viewing in the Girs is best done, by driving around the forest.
Pench National Park (Project Tiger Reserve) - Maharashtra
The Pench National Park on the border of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra has been known through the ages for its rich flora and fauna. Named after the river that flows nearby, Pench was declared a Wildlife Sanctuary in 1983, though it had been declared a notified area in 1972.
This park is the 25th Tiger Reserve in the country and takes pride in its tigers and other wildlife. The total area under the Pench Tiger Reserve comes to about 758-km, out of which a core area of 299-sq-km is the National Park and 464-km the buffer area.
In summer the river retains water in pools strewn along its bed, locally known as 'Doh'. To the east lies Golia Pahar about 670m above the main sea level, which is the highest hill in Nagpur district.
Flora :This is southern topical dry deciduous forest and is a home to a variety of trees and wild animals. Main trees species found over here are Anjan, Bhirra, Bija, Hirda, Kalam, Khair, Medsing, Moha, Mokha, Palas, Rohan, Tick and Shisham, Tendu, and Tiwas. The main shrubs found in this area are Bharati, Dudhi, Ghaneri, Nirgudi, Phetra, Bamboo, Katang Bamboo, Kusal. The undergrowth consists of Divali, Gajargawat, Goakru, Rantulsi, Tarota and Marvel. Sabai and Thikhadi are the main grasses. Eroni, Gunj, Gulvel and Khobarvel are main climbers.
Fauna :The common animals in this sanctuary are Common Langur, Jackal, Wild dog, Sloth bear, Indian Grey Mongoose, Striped Hyaena, Tiger, Leopard, Jungle cat, Wild Boar, Spotted Deer, Sambar, Barking Deer, Indian Bison, Nilgai, Chausinga, Large Brown Flying Squirrel, Porcupine and Pangolin.
Nagarhole National Park: Karnataka
The Nagarahole National Park was first set up in 1955. In 1975 its area was increased to include a greater expanse of forest reserve. Nagarahole (check spelling please) is derived from the combination of two Kannada words-'nagar' meaning snake and 'hole' meaning streams and true to its name a number of streams snake through its rich tropical forests.
Fauna: The forest is home to animals like the four-horned antelope, sloth bear, jungle cat, civet, spotted deer, elephant, wild dog, flying fox, tiger, panther, gaur (Indian bison), sambhar, wild boar, black-naped hare, bonnet macaque, and pangolin.
Cobras, crocodiles, pythons, vipers, and several species of lizards are also found here. Among the 250 bird species found here, the prominent ones are the common babbler, bee-eater, bulbul, dove, crested serpent, hornbill, Malabar pied, alexandrine, peacock, woodpecker, warbler, great Indian reed, eagle, crested hawk, golden-back parakeet, and the southern tree pie.
Bandhavgarh National Park
Set amongst the Vindhyas, in Madhya Pradesh, Bandhavgarh is a small national park, but with the highest known density of tiger population in India. This is also known
as White Tiger territory. These have been found in the old
state of Rewa for many years. The other species found in abundance in Bandhavgarh
are The Gaur or Indian Bison, The Sambar, The Barking Deer and The Nilgai.
The terrain is made of rocky hills, Sal forests and grazing areas, formerly agricultural land. The finest of these hills is the Bandhavgarh hill, and on its highest point stands Bandhavgarh Fort. Though no records remain to show when the fort was constructed, it is believed to be about 2000years old. Several dynasties have ruled the fort: for example, the Maghas from the 1st century A.D, the Vakatakas from the 3rd century; the Sengars from the 5th century, and the Kalachuris from the 10th century. The oldest signs of habitation are the caves dug into the sandstone, near the fort. Several of these contain Brahmin inscriptions dating from the 1st century B.C. Prior to becoming a National Park, the forest range around the region had been maintained as a Shikargarh, or game preserve, of the Maharajahs of Rewa. It was only in 1968, that the area was declared as a National Park. Since then, stringent steps have been taken to retain it as an unspoilt natural habitat.
Kanha: Madhya Pradesh
The Kanha National Park, in Madhya Pradesh, forms the core of the Kanha Tiger Reserve created in 1974, under Project Tiger. Stretching over 940sq km, the vegetation, chiefly made of Sal and bamboo forests, grasslands and streams, this park is the sole habitat of the rare hard ground barasingha.
The forests of the Banjar valley and Halon valley, respectively forming Kanha's western and eastern halves, had even, at the turn of the century, been famous for their deer and tiger population. By a special statute in 1955, Kanha National Park came into being. Since then, a string of stringent conservation programmes have been launched, for the overall protection of the park's fauna and flora. It is one of the most well maintained National Parks in Asia, and a major attraction for avid wildlife buffs all over the world.
Fauna: Kanha boasts of about 22 species of mammals. Some of t
he inhabitants
of this park are the gaur, the largest of the world's cattle; The Sambar,
The Largest Indian Deer; And The Chausingha, The Only Four-Horned Antelope
in the world. Other frequent visitors include the Nilgai Antelope, The
Sloth Bear, The Dhole, Or Indian Wild Dog, and an occasional Panther.
Some 200 species of birds inhabit the park that includes the Cattle Egret,
Black Ibis, Hawk Eagle and The Red-Wattled Lapwing. Shravantal is an old,
earthen bound tank in the central Kanha meadows, which happens to be an
important watering hole, for a large number of waterfowl in winter. Bamni
Dadar, known as Sunset Point, is the most beautiful section of the park,
and the view of the sunset from this spot is absolutely mesmerising. Quite
a few animals can be sighted around this area, which include The Sambar,
Gaur, The Four-Horned Antelope and The Barking Deer.
The Barasingha is undoubtedly, the jewel of Kanha, and drastic steps have been taken to rescue it from complete extinction. The enlargement of the grasslands, through village reallocation, has been responsible for this impressive achievement. Barasinghas exist almost totally on grass, and tall grass meadows are essential for their security. At the height of winter, between December and January, falls the rutting season of these animals, and huge groups can be easily spotted in the Kanha and Sonph meadows. A small, but significant number of Blackbucks also inhabit the central Kanha meado
But for all the astonishing diversity in its wildlife population, Kanha is best known as the habitat of the Tiger. Sighting and photographing this magnificent animal from Elephant back, is an unforgettable experience.
Wildlife Parks in India
Manas National Park: Guwahati - Assam
Manas is situated in Assam spread over an area of 391 sq km, earlier it was known as North Kamrup, declared as a sanctuary on December 01, 1928. It was accorded the status of World Heritage Site in 1985.
Fauna: Manas houses 19 of India's most endangered animal populations.
It has the largest population of tigers among Indian reserves. It is a
home to the rare golden langur . The prominent fauna here are the rhino,
wild buffalos, elephants, gaur, swamp deer, capped langur and clouded
leopard. . The main highlight of the park is the giant hornbill, two subspecies
of which, the pied and grey varieties are to be found here.It extends
into the foothills of Bhutan where it is called the Royal Manas National
Park.
Its wetlands are of international importance and essential for the survival of the fast-vanishing hispid hare and pygmy hog. November to March.Golden Langur, rhino, wild buffalos, elephants, gaur, swamp deer, capped langur and clouded leopard, giant hornbill.
Butterflies and reptiles are also found aplenty in Manas. In the river water, you can enjoy boating and fishing as well. Coloured pebbles of the Manas River are an added attraction not to be missed.
Sunderban National Park: Calcutta - West Bengal
Located in the Ganga delta in West Bengal, spanning the Hooghly in the west and Teulia river in the east, Sunderbans was declared a National Park in 1984. The park covers a vast stretch of mangrove swamp, lush forested islands and small rivers near the Bay of Bengal. Most of the region comprises estuarine mangrove forests and swamps which supports an ecosystem specially adapted to great salinity.
Fauna: Sunderbans is home to the magnificent Royal Bengal tiger, the park holding more tigers than any other tiger reserve. More than 400 tigers were recorded during the mid-1980s. Project tiger has also launched a programme to protect the Olive Ridley sea turtles. Crocodiles and the gangetic dolphin are to be found aplenty in the Raimgangal river. The Sajnakhali sanctuary, famous for its rich avian population, is regarded as a part of the Sunderbans National Park.
Gir National Park & Sanctuary : Gujarat
The Gir wildlife sanctuary and national park, collectively referred to as the Gir Protected Area (PA), is located in the Saurashtra peninsula of Gujarat in western India.
Flora: Vegetation in Gir can be looked at in four ways. The first is the Teak forest and nearly half of the protected area has this kind of a habitat. The main tree species that occupy this habitat are Khair, Sadad, Timru, Babul, Amla, Moledi, Dhavdo, Kadayo and Bahedo.
The non-Teak forests, which comprise the remaining forest consists of tree species like the Khair, Dhavdo, Sadad, Timru, Amla, Moledi, Kadayo, Salai, Simal, Khakhro, Ber and Asundro. A distinct belt of vegetation is found along the main rivers and streams. Species like the Jambu, Karanj, Umro, Vad, Kalam, Charal, Sirus and Amli are found here. These trees are mostly broad leaved and evergreen, giving the area a cool shade and the moisture content. Finally, Prosopis and Casuarina have been planted in the coastal border as part of the aforestation plan.
Fauna: The Gir national park is a heaven to about 300 Asiatic lions. The Lion, Panther Leo, inhabits the forest of Gir in the Saurashtra peninsula, attracting sixty thousand visitors to this sanctuary of Gujarat every year. Gir today is the only place in the world, outside Africa, where the lion can be seen in its natural habitat. The Asiatic lion is slightly smaller than its African cousin; nevertheless, a large male lion of the Gir is quite a sight to behold. The best way to observe the big cats is, of course, in their natural surroundings, at dawn and dusk, when they are on the prowl. Wildlife viewing in the Girs is best done, by driving around the forest.
Pench National Park (Project Tiger Reserve) - Maharashtra
The Pench National Park on the border of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra has been known through the ages for its rich flora and fauna. Named after the river that flows nearby, Pench was declared a Wildlife Sanctuary in 1983, though it had been declared a notified area in 1972.
This park is the 25th Tiger Reserve in the country and takes pride in its tigers and other wildlife. The total area under the Pench Tiger Reserve comes to about 758-km, out of which a core area of 299-sq-km is the National Park and 464-km the buffer area.
In summer the river retains water in pools strewn along its bed, locally known as 'Doh'. To the east lies Golia Pahar about 670m above the main sea level, which is the highest hill in Nagpur district.
Flora :This is southern topical dry deciduous forest and is a home to a variety of trees and wild animals. Main trees species found over here are Anjan, Bhirra, Bija, Hirda, Kalam, Khair, Medsing, Moha, Mokha, Palas, Rohan, Tick and Shisham, Tendu, and Tiwas. The main shrubs found in this area are Bharati, Dudhi, Ghaneri, Nirgudi, Phetra, Bamboo, Katang Bamboo, Kusal. The undergrowth consists of Divali, Gajargawat, Goakru, Rantulsi, Tarota and Marvel. Sabai and Thikhadi are the main grasses. Eroni, Gunj, Gulvel and Khobarvel are main climbers.
Fauna :The common animals in this sanctuary are Common Langur, Jackal, Wild dog, Sloth bear, Indian Grey Mongoose, Striped Hyaena, Tiger, Leopard, Jungle cat, Wild Boar, Spotted Deer, Sambar, Barking Deer, Indian Bison, Nilgai, Chausinga, Large Brown Flying Squirrel, Porcupine and Pangolin.
Nagarhole National Park: Karnataka
The Nagarahole National Park was first set up in 1955. In 1975 its area was increased to include a greater expanse of forest reserve. Nagarahole (check spelling please) is derived from the combination of two Kannada words-'nagar' meaning snake and 'hole' meaning streams and true to its name a number of streams snake through its rich tropical forests.
Fauna: The forest is home to animals like the four-horned antelope, sloth bear, jungle cat, civet, spotted deer, elephant, wild dog, flying fox, tiger, panther, gaur (Indian bison), sambhar, wild boar, black-naped hare, bonnet macaque, and pangolin.
Cobras, crocodiles, pythons, vipers, and several species of lizards are also found here. Among the 250 bird species found here, the prominent ones are the common babbler, bee-eater, bulbul, dove, crested serpent, hornbill, Malabar pied, alexandrine, peacock, woodpecker, warbler, great Indian reed, eagle, crested hawk, golden-back parakeet, and the southern tree pie.
Bandhavgarh National Park
Set amongst the Vindhyas, in Madhya Pradesh, Bandhavgarh is a small national park, but with the highest known density of tiger population in India. This is also known
as White Tiger territory. These have been found in the old
state of Rewa for many years. The other species found in abundance in Bandhavgarh
are The Gaur or Indian Bison, The Sambar, The Barking Deer and The Nilgai.
The terrain is made of rocky hills, Sal forests and grazing areas, formerly agricultural land. The finest of these hills is the Bandhavgarh hill, and on its highest point stands Bandhavgarh Fort. Though no records remain to show when the fort was constructed, it is believed to be about 2000years old. Several dynasties have ruled the fort: for example, the Maghas from the 1st century A.D, the Vakatakas from the 3rd century; the Sengars from the 5th century, and the Kalachuris from the 10th century. The oldest signs of habitation are the caves dug into the sandstone, near the fort. Several of these contain Brahmin inscriptions dating from the 1st century B.C. Prior to becoming a National Park, the forest range around the region had been maintained as a Shikargarh, or game preserve, of the Maharajahs of Rewa. It was only in 1968, that the area was declared as a National Park. Since then, stringent steps have been taken to retain it as an unspoilt natural habitat.
Kanha: Madhya Pradesh
The Kanha National Park, in Madhya Pradesh, forms the core of the Kanha Tiger Reserve created in 1974, under Project Tiger. Stretching over 940sq km, the vegetation, chiefly made of Sal and bamboo forests, grasslands and streams, this park is the sole habitat of the rare hard ground barasingha.
The forests of the Banjar valley and Halon valley, respectively forming Kanha's western and eastern halves, had even, at the turn of the century, been famous for their deer and tiger population. By a special statute in 1955, Kanha National Park came into being. Since then, a string of stringent conservation programmes have been launched, for the overall protection of the park's fauna and flora. It is one of the most well maintained National Parks in Asia, and a major attraction for avid wildlife buffs all over the world.
Fauna: Kanha boasts of about 22 species of mammals. Some of t
he inhabitants
of this park are the gaur, the largest of the world's cattle; The Sambar,
The Largest Indian Deer; And The Chausingha, The Only Four-Horned Antelope
in the world. Other frequent visitors include the Nilgai Antelope, The
Sloth Bear, The Dhole, Or Indian Wild Dog, and an occasional Panther.
Some 200 species of birds inhabit the park that includes the Cattle Egret,
Black Ibis, Hawk Eagle and The Red-Wattled Lapwing. Shravantal is an old,
earthen bound tank in the central Kanha meadows, which happens to be an
important watering hole, for a large number of waterfowl in winter. Bamni
Dadar, known as Sunset Point, is the most beautiful section of the park,
and the view of the sunset from this spot is absolutely mesmerising. Quite
a few animals can be sighted around this area, which include The Sambar,
Gaur, The Four-Horned Antelope and The Barking Deer.
The Barasingha is undoubtedly, the jewel of Kanha, and drastic steps have been taken to rescue it from complete extinction. The enlargement of the grasslands, through village reallocation, has been responsible for this impressive achievement. Barasinghas exist almost totally on grass, and tall grass meadows are essential for their security. At the height of winter, between December and January, falls the rutting season of these animals, and huge groups can be easily spotted in the Kanha and Sonph meadows. A small, but significant number of Blackbucks also inhabit the central Kanha meado
But for all the astonishing diversity in its wildlife population, Kanha is best known as the habitat of the Tiger. Sighting and photographing this magnificent animal from Elephant back, is an unforgettable experience.
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