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India is home to a rich diversity of wildlife supplemented by an equally rich variety of flora and fauna. The sight and sounds of a majestic elephant, a peacock’s dance, the stride of a camel, the roar of a tiger are unparalleled experiences in themselves. Watching birds and animals in their natural habitats is an experience in itself. The country offers immense opportunities for wildlife tourism. The immense heritage of wildlife in India comprises of more than 70 national parks and about 400 wildlife sanctuaries including the bird sanctuaries. |
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Home» Wildlife Parks in India
Wildlife Parks in India
Kaziranga National Park
Kaziranga National Park lies on the south bank of the Brahmaputra and its boundary for the most part follows the Mora Diphlu River and runs parallel to National Highway No. 37. It covers an area of 688 sq. kilometers. The Park was first established in 1908, as a reserve forest with only about a dozen rhinos and was declared a National Park in 1974
Flora and Fauna: Kaziranga is famous for the great One-Horned Rhinos. Tigers, which are natural enemies of rhinos, are also there in sizable numbers in this area. Other attractions of this national park include the wild buffalo, magnificent swamp deer, hog deer, wild boar, Hoolock gibbon, capped langur and ratel (badger).
A wide variety of snakes including the rock python and the monitor lizards also found here. Amongst the birds, the crested serpent eagle is common while palla's fishing eagle and gray-headed fishing eagle are frequently seen. Others include the Bengal floricab, bar-headed goose, whistling teal and pelican.
Mihimukh is the starting area for the park and elephants can be hired from here to enter the sanctuary
Keoladeo Ghana or Bharatpur National Park: Rajasthan
Keoladeo Ghana National Park, one of the most spectacular bird sanctuaries in India, nesting indigenous water- birds as well as migratory water birds and waterside birds. Sambar, chital, nilgai and boar also inhabit it. More than 300 species of birds are found in this small park of 29 sq. km. of which 11 sq. km. are marshes and the rest scrubland and grassland. Keoladeo, the name derives from an ancient Hindu temple, devoted to Lord Shiva, which stands at the centre of the park. 'Ghana' means dense, referring to the thick forest, which used to cover the area. While many of India's parks have been developed from the hunting preserves of princely India, Keoladeo Ghana is perhaps the only case where the habitat has been created by a maharaja. In earlier times, Bharatpur town used to be flooded regularly every monsoon. In 1760, an earthern dam (Ajan Dam) was constructed, to save the town, from this annual vagary of nature. The depression created by extraction of soil for the dam was cleared and this became the Keoladeo lake. At the beginning of this century, this lake was developed, and was divided into several portions. A system of small dams, dykes, sluice gates, etc., was created to control water level in different sections. This became the hunting preserve of the Bharatpur royalty, and one of the best duck - shooting wetlands in the world. Hunting was prohibited by mid-60s. The area was declared a national park on 10 March 1982, and accepted as a World Heritage Site in December 1985.
Fauna: Over 350 species of birds find a refuge in the 29 sq km of shallow lakes and woodland, which makes up the park. A third of them are migrants, many of whom spend their winters in Bharatpur, before returning to their breeding grounds, as far away as Siberia and Central Asia. Migratory birds at Keoladeo include, as large a bird as Dalmatian pelican, which is slightly less than two meters, and as small a bird as Siberian disky leaf warbler, which is the size of a finger.
Other migrants include several species of cranes, pelicans, geese, ducks, eagles, hawks, shanks, stints, wagtails, warblers, wheatears, flycatchers, buntings, larks and pipits, etc. But of all the migrants, the most sought after is the Siberian Crane or the great white crane, which migrates to this site every year, covering a distance of more than half the globe. These birds, numbering only a few hundred, are on the verge of extinction. It is birds from the western race of the species, that visit Keoladeo, migrating from the Ob river basin region, in the Aral mountains, in Siberia via Afghanistan and Pakistan. There are only two wintering places, left for this extremely rare species.One is in Feredunkenar in Iran, and the other is Keoladeo Ghana. The journey to Bharatpur takes them 6,400 kms from their breeding grounds, in Siberia. They arrive in December and stay till early March. Unlike Indian cranes, the Siberian crane is entirely vegetarian. It feeds on underground aquatic roots and tubers in loose flocks of five or six.
Dudhwa National Park: Uttar Pradesh
Further east along the Terai, the Dudhwa National Park, which is also a Tiger Reserve, is localted in the district of Lakhimpur - Kheri, very close to the Nepal border. The 498.29 sq.km. Park has fine sal forests and extensive grasslands.
Tall coarse grass, sometimes-forming impenetrable thickets
, swampy depressions and lakes characterise the wetlands of the Park. These are the habitat of large numbers of barasingha, the magnificent swamp deer, noted for their multi-tined antlers (bara-12 singha-horn). These in turn support the predators-the tiger and leopard. Though the PARK has a fair population of tigers, they are rarely seen owing to the nature of the forest cover.
The grasslands are also ideal terrain for the Indian one horned rhinoceros. In an exciting project undertaken in 1984, a number of rhinos were trans located here from Assam and Nepal, in an attempt to extend their habitats and to exclude the possibility of wiping out entire populations through diseas and epidemics. Presently, 13 rhinos can be seen in Dhudwa.
Other inhabitants include the sloth bear, jackal, wild pig and the lesser cats- fishing cat, leopard cat, jungle cat and civet. Dudhwa has also an abundance of birds. There are spectacular painted storks, black and white necked storks, sarus cranes and varied night birds of prey, ranging from the great Indian horned owl to the jungle owlet, Colorful woodpeckers, barbets, kingfishers, minivets, bee eaters and bulbuls flit through the forest canopy.
Sultanpur National Park: Haryana
Located 46 kms from Delhi, Sultanpur National
Park, is just a- short drive
away from the Delhi - Jaipur Highway. A stretch of marshy land has been
remodelled. The artificial mounds have turned into green glades. The marsh
has been converted into a water body. A number of organisms like crustaceans,
fish and insects thrive during floods, which attract a number of birds to
this area.
Flora: The vegetation of this park is tropical and dry deciduous and the flora include grasses, dhok, khair, tendu, ber, jamun, acacia, and banyan tree.
Fauna: The park is home to a large range of birds, both
resident and migratory. Migratory geese and Siberian cranes spend the winter in Sultanpur and there are also the demoiselle cranes, ruddy shelducks, pelicans, flamingoes, bar-headed geese, grey lags, gadwalls, mallards, pochards, shovellers and teals. Local species include plovers, red-wattled lapwings, herons, cormorants, white ibises, spoonbills and painted storks. Other wildlife in the park include blackbuck, nilgai, hog deer, sambar, wild dog or dhole, caracal, wild cat, hedgehog, mongoose, striped hyena, Indian porcupine, rattle/honey badger, leopard, wild pig, and four horned antelope.
Rajaji National Park: Uttaranchal
The Rajaji National Park is rich in faunal wealth because of the varied types of ecological niches existing in the reserve. The main groups occur are birds, mammals & reptiles snakes and lizards, amphibians (frogs & toads) and fishes, and chiefly the invertebrate groups are, the scorpions, centipedes, Odonata (dragon & damselflies), hymenoptera (wasps, bees, etc.) Isoptera (termites) and lepidoptera, which comprises more than 60 species. Our National bird Peacock is found here in abundance.
The smaller carnivores as co-predators are leopard cat, jungle
cat, civet cat and yellow-throated martin. Besides, other mammals like hyena, jackal and Bengal fox are not an uncommon sight and work as scavengers in the park.
49 mammals species are belonging to 42 genera, in 21 families and nine orders have been recorded. According to census done in 1999 there are 445 elephants, 32 tigers and 177 leopards, besides thousands of other wild animals in the park.
315 birds species are reported to occur in the park. Birds like ducks, teals, cormorants, egrets, lapwing, pond herons, peafowl, jungle fowl, various species of partridges and pheasants, drongo, crows, owlets and nightjars, birds of prey, etc, are quite common.
Twenty-eight species of snakes, 12 species of turtles & tortoises and 9 species of lizards among Reptilia are being recorded from the park.
Ten species under six genera and four families belonging to order Anura (toads & frogs) with their developmental stages have been recorded from the park. Uperodon systoma, Polypedates maculatus and Rana crassa are recorded for the first time from the park. Besides, an interesting phenomenon of breeding of Bufonids was observed, which showed that B. stomaticus & B.melanostictus breeds during July-August on the northern slope of Siwalik, whereas the same species breeds up to November on the southern slope. Polypedates maculatus, which inhabits the live tree-holes, breeds only in July.
Valley of Flowers National Park: Uttaranchal
The famous Valley of Flowers with the largest concentration of various species of wild flowers is off the Rishikesh-Badrinath road, 16 km from Govindghat. A virtual treat to the eyes, this beautiful valley in the Himalayas was established in the year 1982.This park, the smallest national park in the Himalayas was created to protect the catchment
area of the Pushpavati River.
This stream emerges from a glacier then tumbles downward to meet the Ganges. The park spans an area of 87.5 sq. km and is perched on the upper reaches of the Bhyundia Ganga of Chamoli district of Garhwal. The Pushpawati River flows by the valley while the awesome Rataban peak forms a spectacular backdrop.
Wildlife Parks in India
Kaziranga National Park
Kaziranga National Park lies on the south bank of the Brahmaputra and its boundary for the most part follows the Mora Diphlu River and runs parallel to National Highway No. 37. It covers an area of 688 sq. kilometers. The Park was first established in 1908, as a reserve forest with only about a dozen rhinos and was declared a National Park in 1974
Flora and Fauna: Kaziranga is famous for the great One-Horned Rhinos. Tigers, which are natural enemies of rhinos, are also there in sizable numbers in this area. Other attractions of this national park include the wild buffalo, magnificent swamp deer, hog deer, wild boar, Hoolock gibbon, capped langur and ratel (badger).
A wide variety of snakes including the rock python and the monitor lizards also found here. Amongst the birds, the crested serpent eagle is common while palla's fishing eagle and gray-headed fishing eagle are frequently seen. Others include the Bengal floricab, bar-headed goose, whistling teal and pelican.
Mihimukh is the starting area for the park and elephants can be hired from here to enter the sanctuary
Keoladeo Ghana or Bharatpur National Park: Rajasthan
Keoladeo Ghana National Park, one of the most spectacular bird sanctuaries in India, nesting indigenous water- birds as well as migratory water birds and waterside birds. Sambar, chital, nilgai and boar also inhabit it. More than 300 species of birds are found in this small park of 29 sq. km. of which 11 sq. km. are marshes and the rest scrubland and grassland. Keoladeo, the name derives from an ancient Hindu temple, devoted to Lord Shiva, which stands at the centre of the park. 'Ghana' means dense, referring to the thick forest, which used to cover the area. While many of India's parks have been developed from the hunting preserves of princely India, Keoladeo Ghana is perhaps the only case where the habitat has been created by a maharaja. In earlier times, Bharatpur town used to be flooded regularly every monsoon. In 1760, an earthern dam (Ajan Dam) was constructed, to save the town, from this annual vagary of nature. The depression created by extraction of soil for the dam was cleared and this became the Keoladeo lake. At the beginning of this century, this lake was developed, and was divided into several portions. A system of small dams, dykes, sluice gates, etc., was created to control water level in different sections. This became the hunting preserve of the Bharatpur royalty, and one of the best duck - shooting wetlands in the world. Hunting was prohibited by mid-60s. The area was declared a national park on 10 March 1982, and accepted as a World Heritage Site in December 1985.
Fauna: Over 350 species of birds find a refuge in the 29 sq km of shallow lakes and woodland, which makes up the park. A third of them are migrants, many of whom spend their winters in Bharatpur, before returning to their breeding grounds, as far away as Siberia and Central Asia. Migratory birds at Keoladeo include, as large a bird as Dalmatian pelican, which is slightly less than two meters, and as small a bird as Siberian disky leaf warbler, which is the size of a finger.
Other migrants include several species of cranes, pelicans, geese, ducks, eagles, hawks, shanks, stints, wagtails, warblers, wheatears, flycatchers, buntings, larks and pipits, etc. But of all the migrants, the most sought after is the Siberian Crane or the great white crane, which migrates to this site every year, covering a distance of more than half the globe. These birds, numbering only a few hundred, are on the verge of extinction. It is birds from the western race of the species, that visit Keoladeo, migrating from the Ob river basin region, in the Aral mountains, in Siberia via Afghanistan and Pakistan. There are only two wintering places, left for this extremely rare species.One is in Feredunkenar in Iran, and the other is Keoladeo Ghana. The journey to Bharatpur takes them 6,400 kms from their breeding grounds, in Siberia. They arrive in December and stay till early March. Unlike Indian cranes, the Siberian crane is entirely vegetarian. It feeds on underground aquatic roots and tubers in loose flocks of five or six.
Dudhwa National Park: Uttar Pradesh
Further east along the Terai, the Dudhwa National Park, which is also a Tiger Reserve, is localted in the district of Lakhimpur - Kheri, very close to the Nepal border. The 498.29 sq.km. Park has fine sal forests and extensive grasslands.
Tall coarse grass, sometimes-forming impenetrable thickets
, swampy depressions and lakes characterise the wetlands of the Park. These are the habitat of large numbers of barasingha, the magnificent swamp deer, noted for their multi-tined antlers (bara-12 singha-horn). These in turn support the predators-the tiger and leopard. Though the PARK has a fair population of tigers, they are rarely seen owing to the nature of the forest cover.
The grasslands are also ideal terrain for the Indian one horned rhinoceros. In an exciting project undertaken in 1984, a number of rhinos were trans located here from Assam and Nepal, in an attempt to extend their habitats and to exclude the possibility of wiping out entire populations through diseas and epidemics. Presently, 13 rhinos can be seen in Dhudwa.
Other inhabitants include the sloth bear, jackal, wild pig and the lesser cats- fishing cat, leopard cat, jungle cat and civet. Dudhwa has also an abundance of birds. There are spectacular painted storks, black and white necked storks, sarus cranes and varied night birds of prey, ranging from the great Indian horned owl to the jungle owlet, Colorful woodpeckers, barbets, kingfishers, minivets, bee eaters and bulbuls flit through the forest canopy.
Sultanpur National Park: Haryana
Located 46 kms from Delhi, Sultanpur National
Park, is just a- short drive
away from the Delhi - Jaipur Highway. A stretch of marshy land has been
remodelled. The artificial mounds have turned into green glades. The marsh
has been converted into a water body. A number of organisms like crustaceans,
fish and insects thrive during floods, which attract a number of birds to
this area. Flora: The vegetation of this park is tropical and dry deciduous and the flora include grasses, dhok, khair, tendu, ber, jamun, acacia, and banyan tree.
Fauna: The park is home to a large range of birds, both
resident and migratory. Migratory geese and Siberian cranes spend the winter in Sultanpur and there are also the demoiselle cranes, ruddy shelducks, pelicans, flamingoes, bar-headed geese, grey lags, gadwalls, mallards, pochards, shovellers and teals. Local species include plovers, red-wattled lapwings, herons, cormorants, white ibises, spoonbills and painted storks. Other wildlife in the park include blackbuck, nilgai, hog deer, sambar, wild dog or dhole, caracal, wild cat, hedgehog, mongoose, striped hyena, Indian porcupine, rattle/honey badger, leopard, wild pig, and four horned antelope.
Rajaji National Park: Uttaranchal
The Rajaji National Park is rich in faunal wealth because of the varied types of ecological niches existing in the reserve. The main groups occur are birds, mammals & reptiles snakes and lizards, amphibians (frogs & toads) and fishes, and chiefly the invertebrate groups are, the scorpions, centipedes, Odonata (dragon & damselflies), hymenoptera (wasps, bees, etc.) Isoptera (termites) and lepidoptera, which comprises more than 60 species. Our National bird Peacock is found here in abundance.
The smaller carnivores as co-predators are leopard cat, jungle
cat, civet cat and yellow-throated martin. Besides, other mammals like hyena, jackal and Bengal fox are not an uncommon sight and work as scavengers in the park.
49 mammals species are belonging to 42 genera, in 21 families and nine orders have been recorded. According to census done in 1999 there are 445 elephants, 32 tigers and 177 leopards, besides thousands of other wild animals in the park.
315 birds species are reported to occur in the park. Birds like ducks, teals, cormorants, egrets, lapwing, pond herons, peafowl, jungle fowl, various species of partridges and pheasants, drongo, crows, owlets and nightjars, birds of prey, etc, are quite common.
Twenty-eight species of snakes, 12 species of turtles & tortoises and 9 species of lizards among Reptilia are being recorded from the park.
Ten species under six genera and four families belonging to order Anura (toads & frogs) with their developmental stages have been recorded from the park. Uperodon systoma, Polypedates maculatus and Rana crassa are recorded for the first time from the park. Besides, an interesting phenomenon of breeding of Bufonids was observed, which showed that B. stomaticus & B.melanostictus breeds during July-August on the northern slope of Siwalik, whereas the same species breeds up to November on the southern slope. Polypedates maculatus, which inhabits the live tree-holes, breeds only in July.
Valley of Flowers National Park: Uttaranchal
The famous Valley of Flowers with the largest concentration of various species of wild flowers is off the Rishikesh-Badrinath road, 16 km from Govindghat. A virtual treat to the eyes, this beautiful valley in the Himalayas was established in the year 1982.This park, the smallest national park in the Himalayas was created to protect the catchment
area of the Pushpavati River.
This stream emerges from a glacier then tumbles downward to meet the Ganges. The park spans an area of 87.5 sq. km and is perched on the upper reaches of the Bhyundia Ganga of Chamoli district of Garhwal. The Pushpawati River flows by the valley while the awesome Rataban peak forms a spectacular backdrop.
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